Fractional distillation is a method by which crude oil is converted into various other useful factors.
Crude oil is nothing but a mixture of hydrocarbon
There are small hydrocarbon chain as well as long hydrocarbon chain.
Small hydrocarbon chains have less intermolecular force between them And long hydrocarbon chain have high intermolecular force between them.
Which means small hydrocarbon chains are easily broken on heating and long hydrocarbon chains are hard to break.
Crude oil is heated and sent into distillation chambers.
As we said before long hydrocarbon chains having higher boiling and melting point stays at the bottom of the chambers where the temperature is maximum and chains which have small intermolecular force is reaches the consecutive chambers based on their melting point as shown in the pic.
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| Fractional distillation |
Uses of different factors of crude oil
Bitumen: it's long hydrocarbon chain among others and it used as covering of road.
Diesel: used as fuel in trucks
Kerosene: used as fuel in air craft due to it's low viscous and less volatile property.
Naptha:it is highly used in polythene production
Petrol : used as fuel
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