Spectrum

Ever heard about spectrum, they're nothing but beam of colourfull light which was separated from single composite light.

Spectrum can be divided into two,➡️ continuous spectrum and ➡️ line spectrum other wise called as discontinuous spectrum.

This line spectrum is further divided into absorption spectrum and emission spectrum

Absorption spectrum: when you pass light towards an object(atom).it absorbs specific photons with specific wave length and get into excited state (higher energy level). When this already absorbed light rays falls some object like prism, you will receive only the unabsorbed light from the from the prism.

Absorption spectrum

On the hand after sometime the electron which absorbed photons and  reached higher level will release the photons back to the surrounding and the emitted light waves with different wavelength is called as emission spectrum.

Emission spectrum

🙃Zeno's dichotomy paradox 🙃

Ever heard of this paradox? 

Zeno of Elea was a Greek philosoper who created a paradox by asking a weird question himself. That can be explained by a imaginary situation. That is, consider you're watching a rocket launch🚀🚀. And you found a rocket debris descending towards a ocean🌊, with a known height and time. Can you calculate the speed of the descending debris,to avoid accidents. now you might probably in an idea of calculating the speed rocket by using a known formula, 🏃🏃speed=distance/time.

Average speed.

Yes! That is the formula to calculate the speed, but that is an simple formula to calculate average velocity which means you can only use this formula for a system of constant velocity.

So, how do you think that you can calculate the speed of debris.the answer is calculus which we will discuss in our upcoming blog 

But,  know coming back to Zeno's paradox.

He tried to find the speed of an object using the following mathematical logic.

Zeno's mathematical logic 

So now, if you consider the half of the distance as 1/2 and rest can calculated by the sum of 1/4 of the line + 1/8 of the line + 1/16 of the line and so on which results in infinite steps to reach ground followed by infinite time. Which is eventually not possible as the debris must reach the ground at a point resulting in paradox....🤷🤷

But still there is a possibility to prove that even this paradox is also true. That is, consider that the debris take 1sec to cover 1/2 of the total distance  and 1/2seconds to cover 1/4 of the total distance 1/16seconds to cover 1/8 of the total distance . here as it moves further we may get coordinates like 1/64 seconds to cover 1/128 which are very very very small on going further we may get more negligible values and values nearer to zero but not zero. Thus by adding the values we may tend to find most accurate nearer value to the answer according to Zeno.😜😜 

Solved paradox

Introduction to quantum physics

Quantum physics is a branch of physics which is eventually apart from the classical physics.🙃🙃

Atom in classical mechanism

And it is applicable for smaller object such as electron,neutrons etc..

we used to describe a electron as a round small particle  in classical physics,but according to quantum physics, an electron is considered as wave nature 📈 in which the probability of finding the electron in electron cloud can be clearly described. The existence of wave nature of particle is proved by double slit experiment.

Another important factor of quantum physics is quantum entanglement. It states that two sub atomic particular can be interlinked to each other even at very long distance.it also states that by this mechanism if we found the spin of one sub atomic particel to be upward ⬆another one must be downward⬇. That very long distance between two sub atomic particle is called as non-locality .

Superposition is also one of the important factor in quantum physics. Superposition can be clearly explained by Schrödinger cat example it states that if you place a cat 😸into a opaque box with a bomb which has only 50% of probability to blast on a mean time we can say that the cat may be either alive or dead. This state of duality is called as superposition in simpler words being both. 

Quantum tunneling:it is the probability of particles to move along barriers. For instance if barrier have enough space to move through the barrier it may survive on the other side, there is also probability of not having enough space for wave to pass through. This is how two hydrogen atom fuse to form helium even though it's hard to fuse two positively charged particels.there is a chance by which even two hydrogen atom fuse easily on fusion.☀

Heisenberg's  uncertainty: it states that it's impossible to find momentum and position of a sub atomic particel simultaneously.

Quanta: quanta means packet it was stated that photons travel in the form of energy packets 

And it can be proved by planks quantum theory 

Let's talk deep about the above mentioned topics on upcoming blogs.

😎 Science behind sun glasses 😎

How do you think that sun glasses work, you may say that it simply works by normal lenses 🧐.

But the answer behind the science of sun glasses is polarization.😎😎

Sunlight is the combination of horizontal and vertical ways.

Polrization of light is the act of dividing horizontal and vertical light ways,

Basically sungalsses  are made in such ways that it allows only vertical rays into the eyes and block horizontal ways.😎😎

This is the reason why we can have a clear view of water bodies which always reflects horizontal ways

Vertical rays can be filtered from sunlight , by arranging the molecular structure of lens in such ways which only allows vertical rays into the eye opening.  

Few sun glasses also holds photochromic character photochromic lenses are lenses which darkens on the exposure to light with high frequencies. 

Fractional distillation

Fractional distillation is a method by which crude oil is converted into various other useful factors.

Crude oil is nothing but a mixture of hydrocarbon

There are small hydrocarbon chain as well as long hydrocarbon chain.

Small hydrocarbon chains have less intermolecular force between them And long hydrocarbon chain have high intermolecular force between them.

Which means small hydrocarbon chains are easily broken on heating and long hydrocarbon chains are hard to break.

Crude oil is heated and sent into distillation chambers.

As we said before long hydrocarbon chains having higher boiling and melting point stays at the bottom of the chambers where the temperature is maximum and chains which have small intermolecular force is reaches the consecutive chambers based on their melting point as shown in the pic. 

Fractional distillation

Uses of different factors of crude oil

Bitumen: it's long hydrocarbon chain among others and it used as covering of road.

Diesel: used as fuel in trucks

Kerosene: used as fuel in air craft due to it's low viscous and less volatile property.

Naptha:it is highly used in polythene production 

Petrol : used as fuel